REPORTED SPEECH (DOLAYLI ANLATIM)(1)

REPORTED SPEECH (DOLAYLI ANLATIM)

Indirect Speech (reported speech de denir) birisinin söylediği cümleyi aktarmaya denir. Genellikle konuşma dilinde kullanılır. Eğer aktarılan eylem geçmişte yapılmış ise, cümle geçmiş zaman olur.Bu kalıp genellikle bahsedilen zamandan bir önceki geçmiş zamanla ifade edilir. Bir kişinin söylediği ifadeyi, başka bir şahsa akatrırken orijinal cümlede bazı değişiklikler yapılması gerekebilir.

Mesela:

Direct:

Ahmet: I will see my mother tomorrow.

Indirect:

Ahmet says that he will see his mother tomorrow.

Ahmet said that he would see his mother the next day.

Dolaylı anlatım ifadeleri için; eğer cümleye giriş Present veya Future yapıda olursa, herhangi bir Tense değişikliğine gerek yoktur.Sadece gerekli zamir(pronoun) değişiklikleri yapılarak cümle aktarılabilir.

Ancak; dolaylı anlatım ifadelerinde cümleye giriş Past veya Past Perfect yapıda ise aktarılan cümlede zamir(pronoun) değişikliğinin yanı sıra, hem Tense hem de Zaman Zarflarında değişiklikler yapılması gerekir.

TENSE CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH(Dolaylı Anlatımda Zaman Değişiklikleri)

GİRİŞ EYLEMİ: SIMPLE PAST TENSE: (Said/told)
DIRECT	INDIRECT
Verb  “to be” (am/is/are) Ahmet: “ I am happy”	“was/were” He said that he was happy.
Simple Present (do/does) Ahmet: “I work hard”	Simple Past (V2/Ved) He said that he worked hard
Present Continuous(am/is/are+ Ving) Ahmet: “I am working hard.”	Past Continuous (was/were+Ving) He said that he was working hard.
Simple Past (V2 /Ved) Ahmet: “I worked hard.”	Past Perfect (had+V3) He said that he had worked.
Present Perfect (have/has +V3) Ahmet: “I have worked hard”	Past Perfect (had +V3) He said that he had worked hard
Present Perfect  Continuous (have/has been + Ving) Ahmet: “I have been working hard.”	Past Perfect Continuous (had been + Ving) He said that he had been working hard.
Simple Future (will+V1) Ahmet: “I will work hard.”	“would” He said that he would work hard
Future Tense “going to” Ahmet: “ I am going to work hard.”	“ was/were+ going to+ V1” He said that he was going to work hard.
“ Can” Ahmet: “ I can work hard.”	“ Could” He said that he could work hard.
“may” Ahmet: “I may work hard.”	“might” He said that he might work hard.
“have/has to” Ahmet: “I have to work hard.”	“Had to” He said that he had to work hard.
“must” Ahmet: “I must work hard.”	“must/had to” He said that he must/had to work hard.

TIME AND PLACE EXPRESSIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT (REPORTED)SPEECH
here	there
this	that
these	those
Today/ tonight	That day/ that night
yesterday	The day before/the previous day
Tomorrow/ the next day	The following day
now	then
ago	before
Last night	The night before/the previous night