REPORTED SPEECH (DOLAYLI
ANLATIM)
Indirect Speech (reported speech de denir) birisinin söylediği
cümleyi aktarmaya denir. Genellikle konuşma dilinde kullanılır. Eğer aktarılan eylem
geçmişte yapılmış ise, cümle geçmiş zaman olur.Bu kalıp genellikle bahsedilen
zamandan bir önceki geçmiş zamanla ifade edilir. Bir kişinin söylediği ifadeyi,
başka bir şahsa akatrırken orijinal cümlede bazı değişiklikler yapılması
gerekebilir.
Mesela:
Direct:
Ahmet: I will see my mother tomorrow.
Indirect:
Ahmet says that he will
see his mother tomorrow.
Ahmet said that he would
see his mother the next day.
Dolaylı anlatım ifadeleri için; eğer cümleye giriş Present veya
Future yapıda olursa, herhangi bir Tense değişikliğine gerek
yoktur.Sadece gerekli zamir(pronoun) değişiklikleri yapılarak cümle
aktarılabilir.
Ancak; dolaylı anlatım ifadelerinde cümleye giriş Past veya Past
Perfect yapıda ise aktarılan cümlede zamir(pronoun) değişikliğinin yanı
sıra, hem Tense hem de Zaman Zarflarında değişiklikler yapılması
gerekir.
TENSE CHANGES IN REPORTED
SPEECH(Dolaylı Anlatımda Zaman Değişiklikleri)
GİRİŞ
EYLEMİ: SIMPLE PAST TENSE: (Said/told)
|
|
DIRECT
|
INDIRECT
|
Verb
“to be” (am/is/are)
Ahmet: “ I am happy”
|
“was/were”
He said that he was happy.
|
Simple Present (do/does)
Ahmet: “I work hard”
|
Simple Past (V2/Ved)
He said that he worked hard
|
Present Continuous(am/is/are+ Ving)
Ahmet: “I am working hard.”
|
Past Continuous (was/were+Ving)
He said that he was working hard.
|
Simple Past (V2 /Ved)
Ahmet: “I worked hard.”
|
Past Perfect (had+V3)
He said that he had worked.
|
Present Perfect (have/has +V3)
Ahmet: “I have worked hard”
|
Past Perfect (had +V3)
He said that he had worked hard
|
Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + Ving)
Ahmet: “I have been working hard.”
|
Past Perfect Continuous (had been +
Ving)
He said that he had been working
hard.
|
Simple Future (will+V1)
Ahmet: “I will work hard.”
|
“would”
He said that he would work hard
|
Future Tense “going to”
Ahmet: “ I am going to work hard.”
|
“ was/were+ going to+ V1”
He said that he was going to work hard.
|
“ Can”
Ahmet: “ I can work hard.”
|
“ Could”
He said that he could work hard.
|
“may”
Ahmet: “I may work hard.”
|
“might”
He said that he might work hard.
|
“have/has to”
Ahmet: “I have to work hard.”
|
“Had to”
He said that he had to work hard.
|
“must”
Ahmet: “I must work hard.”
|
“must/had to”
He said that he must/had to work
hard.
|
TIME AND PLACE
EXPRESSIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
|
INDIRECT (REPORTED)SPEECH
|
here
|
there
|
this
|
that
|
these
|
those
|
Today/ tonight
|
That day/ that
night
|
yesterday
|
The day
before/the previous day
|
Tomorrow/ the next day
|
The following
day
|
now
|
then
|
ago
|
before
|
Last night
|
The night
before/the previous night
|
